Linux Rust

1. Rust

1.1

Linux C 3000 ——use-after-freeUAF—— Google Chrome Android 70% bug 70%

CLinuxCRustC C: C C: Linux

****privilege escalation root
****information leak
****denial of servicekernel panic

1.2 Linus

Linus Torvalds Linux Rust

****Rust rustc LLVM LLVM GCC
****Rust ""

2021 Google “Rust for Linux” Miguel Ojeda RFCRequest for CommentsLinus Rust

**2020 7 **Nick Desaulniers Linux Plumbers Conference Rust
**2021 4 **Miguel Ojeda “Rust for Linux”RFC
**2021 12 **RFC v2
**2022 9 **Linus Kernel Maintainers Summit Rust
**Linux 6.12022 12 **Rust

1.3 Linus

“Unless something odd happens, it [Rust support] will make it into 6.1.”
— Linus Torvalds, 2022 9

“I think the whole Rust infrastructure has been in great shape, and I’m hoping that we’ll get the first Rust drivers merged soon.”
— Linus Torvalds, LKML, 2023

2. Linux 6.1Initial Rust Support

Linux 6.1 2022 12 11 Rust Rust

2.1

rust/

rust/Makefile Rust
**rust/kernel/**Rust
rust/bindings/ C FFI
rust/macros/ module!
rust/alloc/ alloc crate
****Documentation/rust/ Rust

2.2

Rust ""

x86_64 aarch64
LLVM/Clang LLVM=1
rustc
Rust std

2.3

commit git log

commit 8aebac82933ff641c5cca6b4825e6c1df28da293
Merge: ... 
Author: Linus Torvalds
Date: Mon Oct 10 2022

 Merge tag 'rust-v6.1-rc1' of https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux
 
 Rust introduction for v6.1-rc1

Rust 12,500 Rust cratealloc

3. Rust

3.1 Rust `rust/kernel/`

Rust C API Rust

	C API
`sync::Arc`	`struct kref` + `kref_get/put`
`sync::Lock`	`spinlock_t` / `mutex`
`error::Error`	`errno.h`
`str::CStr`	`char *`	C
`file::File`	`struct file *`
`task::Task`	`struct task_struct *`	/
`init::InPlaceInit`
`io_buffer`	`struct iov_iter`	/

3.2 Samsung Android Binder

Android Binder Android IPC C Binder 6,000

Samsung Alice Ryhl Binder Rust Linux 6.82024 3

****Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
****Rust 4,500 C 25%
**** 3 UAF
**** C

Linux Rust

3.3 Asahi Linux GPU

Asahi Linux Apple SiliconM1/M2/M3 GPU Rust

Mesa Gallium + DRM
drivers/gpu/drm/asahi/
Rust drm crate
rust-bindgen GPU

Asahi Linux GPU Rust

3.4 NVMe

PCI NVMe Rust Wedson Almeida Filho Google MicrosoftRust NVMe Rust

DMA
MMIO

4. Rust

4.1 Makefile

Kbuild Makefile Rust

#  Makefile
has_rust := $(shell rustc --version 2>/dev/null)
 
ifdef has_rust
 core-y += rust/
endif

rust/Makefile

** Rust ** rustc
** bindgen** bindgen FFI
** Rust ** rustc .o
****Rust C vmlinux

4.2

# rust/Makefile 
RUSTC_FLAGS := \
 --edition 2021 \
 --crate-type rlib \
 -C opt-level=2 \
 -C panic=abort \
 -C no-redzone=y \
 -C code-model=kernel \
 -C relocation-model=static \
 --emit=obj

panic=abort unwindpanic abort
no-redzone=y red zone
code-model=kernel

4.3

#  Kconfig  Rust
config RUST
 bool "Rust support"
 depends on HAVE_RUST
 depends on !MODVERSIONS
 help
 This option enables support for Rust in the kernel.

CONFIG_RUST=y Rust
CONFIG_RUST_IS_AVAILABLE=y
CONFIG_SAMPLE_RUST_MINIMAL=y

5. crate

5.1 `rust/`

graph TD
 ROOT["rust/"] --> MK["Makefile - Rust "]
 ROOT --> KERNEL["kernel/ - "]
 ROOT --> MACROS["macros/ - "]
 ROOT --> BINDINGS["bindings/ -  FFI "]
 ROOT --> ALLOC["alloc/ - alloc crate "]
 ROOT --> EXPORTS["exports.c - C "]
 KERNEL --> KLIB["lib.rs - kernel crate "]
 KERNEL --> KPRE["prelude.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KALLOC["alloc/ - "]
 KERNEL --> KSYNC["sync/ - "]
 KERNEL --> KERR["error.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KSTR["str.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KTYP["types.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KINIT["init.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KIO["io_buffer.rs - I/O "]
 KERNEL --> KFILE["file.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KTASK["task.rs - "]
 KERNEL --> KPRINT["print.rs - pr_info!/pr_err!"]
 KERNEL --> KMOD["module_param.rs - "]
 KALLOC --> KALLOCRS["allocator.rs - GFP_KERNEL "]
 KALLOC --> KBOX["box_ext.rs - Box "]
 KSYNC --> KARC["arc.rs - Arc "]
 KSYNC --> KLOCK["lock.rs - Lock "]
 KSYNC --> KCOND["condvar.rs - "]
 MACROS --> MLIB["lib.rs"]
 MACROS --> MMOD["module.rs - module! "]
 MACROS --> MHELP["helpers.rs"]
 BINDINGS --> BH["bindings_helper.h - bindgen "]
 BINDINGS --> BG["bindings_generated.rs - "]
 BINDINGS --> BLIB["lib.rs"]

5.2 `kernel` crate

kernel crate Rust

// rust/kernel/lib.rs
#![no_std]
#![feature(...)] //  nightly 
 
extern crate alloc;
 
pub mod error;
pub mod prelude;
pub mod print;
pub mod str;
pub mod sync;
pub mod types;
pub mod init;
pub mod io_buffer;
pub mod file;
pub mod task;
 
//  C 
pub mod bindings {
 //  bindgen  C  FFI 
 pub use crate::bindings::*;
}

6. Rust

6.1

Rust


`rust/`	Rust
`samples/rust/`	Rust
`drivers/android/rust/`	Binder Rust 6.8+
`drivers/gpu/drm/asahi/`	Asahi GPU
`drivers/block/rnull.rs`	Rust null block
`Documentation/rust/`
`scripts/rust_is_available.sh`

6.2

GitHub mirrorhttps://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux
kernel.orghttps://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/torvalds/linux.git
elixir.bootlin.com Rust

6.3

Rust

samples/rust/rust_minimal.rs — 20
samples/rust/rust_print.rs —
rust/kernel/prelude.rs —
rust/kernel/error.rs —
rust/kernel/sync/arc.rs —
rust/kernel/print.rs —

7. Rust

7.1 ""

Rust ** Rust C API**

graph TD
 SAFE["Safe Rust API<br>← "]
 KERNEL["kernel crate ()<br>← "]
 UNSAFE["unsafe Rust (FFI )<br>← "]
 CAPI["C  API<br>← "]
 SAFE --> KERNEL
 KERNEL --> UNSAFE
 UNSAFE --> CAPI

7.2 Zero-Cost Abstraction

Rust

Arc<T> struct kref
Lock<T> spin_lock() / mutex_lock()
Error C errno

7.3

Rust for Linux

**** Rust
** C **

8. Rust

	Rust	Rust
	`std`	`#![no_std]`
	`std::alloc`	`kernel::alloc` + GFP flags
	`std::thread`	kthread
	`std::sync`	`kernel::sync`
Panic	Unwind + catch	Abort unwind
		8KB/16KB

I/O	`std::fs` / `println!`	`pr_info!` / `kernel::file`
SIMD

8.1 `std`

Rust std

std::fs
std::thread pthread
std::net socket

Rust core alloc OS crate

9.

9.1 RUSTC

Rust nightly nightly

#  rustc 
cat Documentation/rust/quick-start.rst

nightly features

new_uninit
allocator_api
pin_macroPin
arbitrary_self_types self
coerce_unsizedunsized
dispatch_from_dyn

9.2 Bindgen

bindgen C Rust FFI bindgen

// 
//  include/linux/kref.h
extern "C" {
 pub fn kref_init(kref: *mut kref);
 pub fn kref_get(kref: *mut kref);
 pub fn kref_put(kref: *mut kref, release: unsafe extern "C" fn(*mut kref)) -> c_int;
}

RootStack

探索

01-Linux内核Rust支持概述

Linux Rust

1. Rust

1.1

1.2 Linus

1.3 Linus

2. Linux 6.1Initial Rust Support

2.1

2.2

2.3

3. Rust

3.1 Rust rust/kernel/

3.2 Samsung Android Binder

3.3 Asahi Linux GPU

3.4 NVMe

4. Rust

4.1 Makefile

4.2

4.3

5. crate

5.1 rust/

5.2 kernel crate

6. Rust

6.1

6.2

6.3

7. Rust

7.1 ""

7.2 Zero-Cost Abstraction

7.3

8. Rust

8.1 std

9.

9.1 RUSTC

9.2 Bindgen

10.

10.1

10.2 Git

10.3

10.4

02-Rust

关系图谱

目录

3.1 Rust `rust/kernel/`

5.1 `rust/`

5.2 `kernel` crate

8.1 `std`